The following was posted by Keith Thompson
From the Lugano test, 98.7% Ni62 in the ash requires that nickel atoms all through the 3D volume of the nickel lattice have reacted not just at the 2D lattice surface, based on starting with normal isotope composition nickel for the fuel transmuting to 98.7% Ni62 in the ash, this would require 316 additional neutrons per 100 non-Ni62 isotope atoms, assuming that each Ni64 lost 2 neutrons to become Ni62. (I think that this is unlikely, removing neutrons would be even harder than adding neutrons most likely each Ni64 gains a proton).
Within a nickel FCC lattice structure, for every nickel atom there is one octahedral site and two tetrahedral sites, so for every 100 nickel atoms @ 3 sites per atom = 300 O & T sites.
As it is difficult to get hydrogen to fill 100 % of octahedral interstitial sites and near impossible to fill 100 % of T sites, it is unlikely that larger lithium atoms would migrate through the lattice and fill the O sites, therefore lithium can only coat the 2D nickel lattice surface.
If lithium is external to the nickel lattice and is the source of the neutrons, lithium neutrons would have to be first emitted then pass into and through the nickel lattice to then be absorbed by the nickel atoms. I think this is unlikely; it is more probable that Li7 atoms closest to the nickel lattice gain a proton as a by-product of the environment that produces the main nickel transmutation.
This leaves hydrogen atoms as the source, so with full loading providing an individual hydrogen atom in each O site, i.e. a single proton per O site, this combines with an electron providing the neutron.
The neutron is produced and combines with the Nickel atom due to; hydrogen atom confinement within the O site (from having as near 100% loading of O sites as possible), contact pressure from the lattice structure trying to contract (metal bond dimension for empty lattice versus stretched / expanded lattice from hydrogen filling), additional pressure from the heated lattice structure (vibration of the lattice due to the additional energy from being heated), and additional pressure from magnetic resonance of the nickel lattice structure (high frequency electrically induced, superimposed on the resistance heating coil supply – tungsten with Inconel tails, Andrea Rossi mentions “electromagnetics” on Feb. 1st 9.07pm, the Lugano report summary on page 30 mentions “some electro-magnetic stimulation”). Magnetic resonance induces vibration of the lattice structure to be ordered and in phase, it is likely that there will be more than one potential driving frequency with each frequency producing a different resonant lattice vibration modal structure. At least one of these frequencies is likely to produce the required constructive / destructive interference patterns from the combining of pressure waves traveling through the lattice. All these different pressure mechanisms will combine to produce occasional random localised extreme pressure events where there will be low momentum collisions between the O site confined hydrogen atom and the nickel atom locked into the vibrating lattice.
As lighter nickel isotopes are transmuted towards Ni62 using up hydrogen atoms, replacement hydrogen atoms from external to the nickel lattice are pushed into the lattice, (via a lithium / hydrogen and other compound COATING of the nickel particle providing a hydrogen spillover effect, i.e. “catalyst”), the hydrogen atoms are then pushed through the lattice into the vacated O sites to be in turn reacted until Ni62 dominates the ash.
Keith Thomson.
Rossi, Lugano, Neutrons and Electromagnetics (Keith Thompson)
The following was posted by Keith Thompson
From the Lugano test, 98.7% Ni62 in the ash requires that nickel atoms all through the 3D volume of the nickel lattice have reacted not just at the 2D lattice surface, based on starting with normal isotope composition nickel for the fuel transmuting to 98.7% Ni62 in the ash, this would require 316 additional neutrons per 100 non-Ni62 isotope atoms, assuming that each Ni64 lost 2 neutrons to become Ni62. (I think that this is unlikely, removing neutrons would be even harder than adding neutrons most likely each Ni64 gains a proton).
Within a nickel FCC lattice structure, for every nickel atom there is one octahedral site and two tetrahedral sites, so for every 100 nickel atoms @ 3 sites per atom = 300 O & T sites.
As it is difficult to get hydrogen to fill 100 % of octahedral interstitial sites and near impossible to fill 100 % of T sites, it is unlikely that larger lithium atoms would migrate through the lattice and fill the O sites, therefore lithium can only coat the 2D nickel lattice surface.
If lithium is external to the nickel lattice and is the source of the neutrons, lithium neutrons would have to be first emitted then pass into and through the nickel lattice to then be absorbed by the nickel atoms. I think this is unlikely; it is more probable that Li7 atoms closest to the nickel lattice gain a proton as a by-product of the environment that produces the main nickel transmutation.
This leaves hydrogen atoms as the source, so with full loading providing an individual hydrogen atom in each O site, i.e. a single proton per O site, this combines with an electron providing the neutron.
The neutron is produced and combines with the Nickel atom due to; hydrogen atom confinement within the O site (from having as near 100% loading of O sites as possible), contact pressure from the lattice structure trying to contract (metal bond dimension for empty lattice versus stretched / expanded lattice from hydrogen filling), additional pressure from the heated lattice structure (vibration of the lattice due to the additional energy from being heated), and additional pressure from magnetic resonance of the nickel lattice structure (high frequency electrically induced, superimposed on the resistance heating coil supply – tungsten with Inconel tails, Andrea Rossi mentions “electromagnetics” on Feb. 1st 9.07pm, the Lugano report summary on page 30 mentions “some electro-magnetic stimulation”). Magnetic resonance induces vibration of the lattice structure to be ordered and in phase, it is likely that there will be more than one potential driving frequency with each frequency producing a different resonant lattice vibration modal structure. At least one of these frequencies is likely to produce the required constructive / destructive interference patterns from the combining of pressure waves traveling through the lattice. All these different pressure mechanisms will combine to produce occasional random localised extreme pressure events where there will be low momentum collisions between the O site confined hydrogen atom and the nickel atom locked into the vibrating lattice.
As lighter nickel isotopes are transmuted towards Ni62 using up hydrogen atoms, replacement hydrogen atoms from external to the nickel lattice are pushed into the lattice, (via a lithium / hydrogen and other compound COATING of the nickel particle providing a hydrogen spillover effect, i.e. “catalyst”), the hydrogen atoms are then pushed through the lattice into the vacated O sites to be in turn reacted until Ni62 dominates the ash.
Keith Thomson.